# Caption revision, 27 September 2026

The current on-screen text is recorded in EXACT-TEXT.md. Image provenance and unresolved fields are updated in [the lecture credit addendum](../Image-Credits.html). The production credit records below are preserved for reference; their original on-screen-caption entries predate this revision.

# Credits (revision 2)

## Images

One record per image file. **UNCONFIRMED** marks a field that could not be read from the item page in this session (the image hosts were not reachable from the production environment; the instructor downloaded the files from the links given). Check those fields on the linked page before public distribution. The artwork date is kept separate from the event date shown on the slide.

### Map of Saint-Domingue, 1780

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/saint-domingue-1780.jpg` |
| Depicts | Map of Saint-Domingue, 1780 |
| Creator | Jacques François Des Longchamps |
| Title | Carte d l’île de Saint Domingue |
| Artwork date | 1780 |
| Holding institution / host | Library of Congress, Geography and Map Division |
| Item URL | https://www.loc.gov/item/73695996/ |
| Download | supplied with the handoff (copied from Friday’s lecture assets) |
| Digital-image terms | Public-domain historical work (as identified in the handoff’s Visual-Sources.md) |
| Crop / edit | Cropped and scaled; modern labels (Saint-Domingue, Port-de-Paix) and a location pin added as lecture annotations |
| On-screen credit | Map: Des Longchamps, 1780 · Library of Congress · labels added |
| Where used | S01, B1, B4b |

### Sugar mill, Encyclopédie plate

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/sugar-mill.jpg` |
| Depicts | Sugar mill, Encyclopédie plate |
| Creator | Encyclopédie (Diderot and d’Alembert), “Œconomie rustique, Sucrerie”, plate II |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | 1762 |
| Holding institution / host | Newberry Library |
| Item URL | https://dcc.newberry.org/?p=16944 |
| Download | supplied with the handoff (653 × 1024 px) |
| Digital-image terms | Public-domain historical work (as identified in the handoff’s Visual-Sources.md) |
| Crop / edit | Shown at modest size; not upscaled beyond about 1.2×; no retouching (crop box x 0.08–0.87, y 0.085–0.51 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Encyclopédie, “Sucrerie”, pl. II, 1762 · Newberry Library |
| Where used | B3, S24 |

### Toussaint Louverture

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/images/toussaint.jpg` |
| Depicts | Toussaint Louverture |
| Creator | Hand-coloured print inscribed “Toussaint Louverture, Chef des Noirs Insurgés de Saint Domingue. A Paris chez Jean, rue Jean de Beauvais No 10” |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | image in the JCB record for Cousin d’Avallon, Histoire de Toussaint-Louverture (1802); the JCB catalogue notes it was printed in his lifetime but probably not drawn from life |
| Holding institution / host | John Carter Brown Library |
| Item URL | https://americana.jcblibrary.org/search/object/jcbcap-991004334549706966/ |
| Download | downloaded from that record by the instructor, 26 Sept 2026 (522 × 760 px) |
| Digital-image terms | CC BY 4.0 under the JCB’s stated policy for all items in its digital collections (americana.jcblibrary.org/permissions/, read 26 Sept 2026); credit “Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library”; changes indicated here |
| Crop / edit | upper-body crop of the equestrian figure; the same crop is used in every scene (crop box x 0.3–0.81, y 0.07–0.4968 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Toussaint: Paris print (chez Jean), probably not from life · Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library |
| Where used | S01, B1, B2, S07, S08, B4a, B5, B4b, B4c, S21, S22, S23 |

### Sonthonax

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/images/sonthonax.jpg` |
| Depicts | Sonthonax |
| Creator | Unknown artist, oil on canvas; the ICOM record describes a late 18th-century portrait associated with the Musée du Panthéon national haïtien |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | late 18th century |
| Holding institution / host | Musée du Panthéon national haïtien (per ICOM; not re-checked for this reproduction) |
| Item URL | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sonthonax.jpg |
| Download | downloaded from that file page by the instructor, 26 Sept 2026 (789 × 1024 px) |
| Digital-image terms | UNCONFIRMED: read the licence line on the Commons file page (the painting itself is a public-domain historical work) |
| Crop / edit | head-and-shoulders crop (crop box x 0.317–0.976, y 0.117–0.752 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Sonthonax: oil portrait, late 18th c. · via Wikimedia Commons |
| Where used | S04 |

### Sonthonax’s proclamation, 29 August 1793

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/images/proclamation-1793.jpg` |
| Depicts | Sonthonax’s proclamation, 29 August 1793 |
| Creator | Léger Félicité Sonthonax, Proclamation. Au nom de la République (printed broadside; first page, opening “Les hommes naissent et demeurent libres et égaux en droits”) |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | 1793 (the assigned course document dates the decree 29 August 1793) |
| Holding institution / host | John Carter Brown Library |
| Item URL | https://americana.jcblibrary.org/search/object/jcbcap-991004278359706966/ |
| Download | downloaded from that record by the instructor, 26 Sept 2026 (484 × 692 px, PNG; flattened to JPEG) |
| Digital-image terms | CC BY 4.0 under the JCB’s stated policy for all items in its digital collections (americana.jcblibrary.org/permissions/, read 26 Sept 2026); credit “Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library”; changes indicated here |
| Crop / edit | first page shown whole; transparency flattened to white (crop box x 0–1, y 0–1 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Proclamation, 1793 · Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library |
| Where used | S04 |

### Christophe

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/images/christophe.jpg` |
| Depicts | Christophe |
| Creator | Richard Evans, oil on canvas |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | 1816 |
| Holding institution / host | as named on the Commons file record (not re-checked here) |
| Item URL | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Henri_Christophe.jpg |
| Download | downloaded from that file page by the instructor, 26 Sept 2026 (960 × 1291 px) |
| Digital-image terms | Public domain per the brief’s review of the file record (artwork and reproduction); confirm on the file page |
| Crop / edit | head-and-shoulders crop that excludes the crown and royal regalia; labelled Christophe, not King Henry, in 1802–03 scenes (crop box x 0.375–0.75, y 0.178–0.6445 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Christophe: Richard Evans, 1816 (later royal portrait) · via Wikimedia Commons |
| Where used | B4a, B4b, B4c |

### Dessalines

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/images/dessalines.jpg` |
| Depicts | Dessalines |
| Creator | Louis Rigaud (signed “L. Rigaud”), oil |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | 1878 per the brief’s candidate (the last digit of the painted date is indistinct in this reproduction) |
| Holding institution / host | UNCONFIRMED (a published caption credits the Peabody Museum of Natural History, Yale University) |
| Item URL | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_Jacques_Dessalines.jpg |
| Download | downloaded from that file page by the instructor, 26 Sept 2026 (651 × 786 px) |
| Digital-image terms | UNCONFIRMED: check the Commons file page for sitter, artist, date, holder and licence |
| Crop / edit | bust crop; general’s uniform, no imperial regalia (crop box x 0.069–0.929, y 0.064–0.9536 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Dessalines: Louis Rigaud, 1878 (later portrait) · via Wikimedia Commons |
| Where used | B4a, B4b, S12 |

### Sans-Souci palace, Milot, Haiti

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/images/sans-souci-palace.jpg` |
| Depicts | Sans-Souci palace, Milot, Haiti |
| Creator | UNCONFIRMED photographer (modern photograph of the ruins) |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | photograph date unconfirmed; palace built in the 1810s |
| Holding institution / host | Wikimedia Commons |
| Item URL | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sans-Souci_Palace,_National_History_Park,_Haiti.jpg (the file linked for the instructor; confirm) |
| Download | downloaded by the instructor, 26 Sept 2026 (1920 × 1280 px) |
| Digital-image terms | UNCONFIRMED: Commons photographs usually carry CC BY or CC BY-SA and require the photographer’s name |
| Crop / edit | cropped top and bottom (crop box x 0–1, y 0.05–0.95 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Sans-Souci palace ruins, Milot, Haiti · photograph via Wikimedia Commons |
| Where used | B4c |

### Fort de Joux

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/images/fort-de-joux.jpg` |
| Depicts | Fort de Joux |
| Creator | UNCONFIRMED photographer (modern photograph) |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | unconfirmed |
| Holding institution / host | Wikimedia Commons |
| Item URL | https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Fort_de_Joux (specific file not recorded) |
| Download | downloaded by the instructor, 26 Sept 2026 (500 × 332 px) |
| Digital-image terms | UNCONFIRMED: check the file page’s licence and author |
| Crop / edit | cropped to the château on the left; the hilltop Fort Mahler at right is excluded (crop box x 0–0.58, y 0.03–0.97 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Fort de Joux, Doubs, France · modern photograph via Wikimedia Commons |
| Where used | B5 |

### Plan of plantations, Limonade, 1785

| Field | Record |
|---|---|
| Local file | `assets/images/limonade-plan-1785.jpg` |
| Depicts | Plan of plantations, Limonade, 1785 |
| Creator | Plan de quelques Habitations du quartieir [sic] de Limonade (manuscript plan) |
| Title | — |
| Artwork date | 1785 |
| Holding institution / host | John Carter Brown Library |
| Item URL | https://americana.jcblibrary.org/search/object/jcbcap-ljcbmaps-1-1-1754-103920006/ |
| Download | downloaded from that record by the instructor, 26 Sept 2026 (700 × 800 px, PNG; flattened to JPEG) |
| Digital-image terms | CC BY 4.0 under the JCB’s stated policy for all items in its digital collections (americana.jcblibrary.org/permissions/, read 26 Sept 2026); credit “Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library”; changes indicated here |
| Crop / edit | cropped to the drawn plan (crop box x 0.09–0.9, y 0.08–0.9 of the image) |
| On-screen credit | Plan of plantations, Limonade, 1785 · Courtesy of the John Carter Brown Library |
| Where used | B2 |

### Named markers used instead of portraits

| Marker | Why | Where used |
|---|---|---|
| Pétion | Name marker by design (portrait optional in the brief). | B4b |
| French command | Labelled command marker; no likeness of Leclerc used. | B4a |
| Sans Souci | No authenticated portrait of Sans Souci has been identified in the reviewed materials; a neutral named marker is used. This is not a claim that no image exists anywhere. | B4b, B4c |

The conceptual agents in B6–B8b, the Hegel and Fanon insets and the Scott and James compositions use drawn silhouettes, glyphs and typeset text only: no portraits of Hegel, Fanon, James, Toussaint or Bonaparte stand in for the conceptual figures.

### Geography

- **Atlantic locator outlines** (B4a, S14): Natural Earth 1:110m land polygons, public domain (naturalearthdata.com), redrawn as a schematic with modern borders removed. Labels and markers are lecture annotations.
- **Des Longchamps map, 1780**: see its image record above. It shows the colony, not 1802 military control; allegiance is never shown by colouring territory.

## Text sources

- **P1**: Constitution of Saint-Domingue (1801), trans. Charmant Theodore, Wikisource, CC BY 2.5: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Constitution_of_Saint-Domingue
- **P2**: Toussaint Louverture to Bonaparte, First Consul, 16 July 1801, trans. Mitch Abidor: https://www.marxists.org/reference/archive/toussaint-louverture/1801/constitution.htm
- **P3**: Toussaint Louverture to Bonaparte, Fort de Joux, 17 September 1802, in Nick Nesbitt, ed., The Haitian Revolution (Verso, 2008), course PDF pp. 112–113
- **P4**: Toussaint Louverture to Laveaux, 20 February 1796, in Nesbitt, ed., The Haitian Revolution, printed pp. 21–24 (course PDF pp. 61–64); reported speech mediated by Toussaint
- **P5**: Sonthonax, decree and introductory address, 29 August 1793, in Dubois and Garrigus, Slave Revolution in the Caribbean, 1789–1804, document 25
- **P6**: Dessalines, address accompanying the declaration of independence, 1 January 1804, in Dubois and Garrigus, document 46
- **P7**: Frantz Fanon, Black Skin, White Masks (1952), trans. Richard Philcox (Grove, 2008), “The Black Man and Hegel”, pp. 191–197, esp. p. 195 n. 10
- **J1**: C. L. R. James, The Black Jacobins, chapter IV, pp. 79–103, esp. 79–84 and 92–96 (James’s narrative and evaluation)
- **H1**: Hegel, Phenomenology of Spirit (1807), §§178–196 (conceptual reconstruction, not translation-specific quotation)
- **R1**: Lorenzo Ravano, “The Borders of Citizenship in the Haitian Revolution” (2020 online-first), supplied PDF pp. 14–18
- **R2**: David Scott, Conscripts of Modernity (2004), chapter 4, esp. pp. 132–169; p. 155; pp. 205–206
- **R4**: Daniel James and Franz Knappik, Hegel and Colonialism (Cambridge, 2025), esp. pp. 19–34 and p. 32 n. 214
- **R5**: Philippe Girard, “The 1802 Expedition to Saint-Domingue (Haiti) and the Louisiana Purchase”, BnF
- **R6**: Michel-Rolph Trouillot, Silencing the Past, chapter 2, “The Three Faces of Sans Souci”, and notes
- **R7**: Susan Buck-Morss, “Hegel and Haiti”, Critical Inquiry 26 (2000): 821–865, esp. 839–850 and 864–865
- **MAP**: Des Longchamps, Carte d l’île de Saint Domingue (1780), Library of Congress; modern labels added
- **NE**: Natural Earth 1:110m land outlines (public domain); schematic locator, modern borders removed
- **IMG**: Identification label for an image (see CREDITS.md for the image record)
- **BRIEF**: Teaching caption or label written for this lecture; not a quotation

## Typefaces

The stage asks for Georgia (serif) and Arial (sans-serif), with the metric-compatible Gelasio and Liberation Sans as fallbacks. The MP4s and stills were rendered on Linux, where Gelasio and Liberation Sans were used. Nothing is downloaded at run time.